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Side Drive

Why do we drive on the side of the road that we do?

OK, In the UK you drive on one sde of the road, drive off the ferry in Calias, and it all changes. Forgive me if my facts are not quite spot on, but its the jist thats important here....If Henry Ford invented the car, he was from the US, they drive on the right, in LHD cars, why then, did the UK decide to change sides? Why build the cars the opposite way to Henry Ford and drive on the other side? Who decided this and why?
I know what its like to drive an 'opposite' car on the roads, IE a UK vehicle on French roads, but wondering why we took the decision on the first place...

There are many countries that drive on the left hand side other than the UK, Austrailia, Japan, and New Zealand drive on the left.

In days of old logic dictated that when people passed each other on the road they should be in the best possible position to use their sword to protect themselves. As most people are right handed they therefore keep to their left.

UK Government to introduce the General Highways Act of 1773 which contained a keep left recommendation. This became a law as part of the Highways Bill in 1835.

G-2 Drive Flanges for Jeep $275.49 G2 Axle and Gear Dana 60 35 Spline Drive Flange;Dana 60;35 Spline;Driver and Passenger Side;For use in Place of Manual Locking Hubs G-2 Drive Flanges for Jeep

Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8127079K $185.93 1976-79 CJ7;AMC Model 20;With Quadra-Trac;Measures 33.5 in. overall length JEEP CJ7 1976 1977 1978 1979 3.8L (232) 4.2L (258) 5L (304) GAS Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8127079K

Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8127070K $175.93 1981 CJ8, 1976-83 CJ5 and CJ7;AMC Model 20;Axle measures 26.25 in. overall length JEEP CJ5 CJ7 SCRAMBLER 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 2.5L (150) 2.5L Iron Duke LX8 (151) 3.8L (232) 4.2L (258) 5L (304) GAS Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8127070K

Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8133885K $169.93 1982-86 CJ7 and CJ8;AMC Model 20;With wide trac axles;Measures 28.5 in. overall length JEEP CJ7 SCRAMBLER 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 2.5L (150) 2.5L Iron Duke LX8 (151) 4.2L (258) GAS Jeep Driver Side Axle and Hub Kit by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 8133885K

Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32477B $216.99 2002-04 Liberty;Gloss black powder coat;Tubing is 3 in. diameter x .109 thickness;Hardware included;Made in the USA JEEP LIBERTY (KJ) LIMITED RENEGADE SPORT 2002 2003 2004 2.4L Power-Tech (148) 3.7L Power-Tech (226) GAS Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32477B

Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32479B $216.99 1993-98 Jeep ZJ Grand Cherokee;Gloss black powder coat;Tubing is 3 in. diameter x .109 thickness;Hardware included;Made in the USA JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE (ZJ) 5.9 LIMITED LAREDO LIMITED ORVIS SE TSI 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 4L Power Tech (242) 5.2L Magnum (318) 5.9L Magnum (360) GAS Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32479B

Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32480B $216.99 1999-04 Jeep WJ Grand Cherokee;Gloss black powder coat;Tubing is 3 in. diameter x .109 thickness;Hardware included;Made in the USA JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE (WJ) LAREDO LIMITED OVERLAND SPECIAL EDITION 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 4.7L Power-Tech (285) 4.7L Power-Tech HO (285) 4L Power Tech (242) GAS Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32480B

Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32478B $271.99 1984-01 Jeep XJ Cherokee;Gloss black powder coat;Tubing is 3 in. diameter x .109 thickness;Hardware included;Made in the USA JEEP CHEROKEE (XJ) BRIARWOOD CHIEF CLASSIC COUNTRY LAREDO LIMITED PIONEER SE SPORT 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2.1L Turbocharge Diesel (126) 2.5L (150) 2.8L (173) 4L (242) 4L Power Tech (242) DIESEL GAS Jeep Side Trax Tubular Side Step Bars by 4Wheel Drive Hardware 32478B

Fiberglass Fender by 4Wheel Drive Hardware for Jeep $201.99 1972-86 Jeep CJ;Passenger side JEEP CJ7 1986 2.5L (150) GAS Fiberglass Fender by 4Wheel Drive Hardware for Jeep

Side View Mirrors by Joe's Racing $37.99 3 in. side mirror;1-1/2 in. clamp Side View Mirrors by Joe's Racing

Warn ProVantage Side X Side - Warn 79958 $346.99 ProVantage Side X Side; 72 in.; Black Powder coat Finish;Straight Blade; Requires WARN Plow Base part number WAR79805; Requires WARN Winch as a plow lifting mechanism;For vehicles running tracks instead of wheels Requires part number WAR80682 Base Extension Kit Warn ProVantage Side X Side - Warn 79958

2 Core Radiator by 4Wheel Drive Hardware for Jeep $341.99 Fits 1981 to 1986 CJ;Automatic or manual transmission;6 cylinder engines;Radiator cap offset to the driver side of tank JEEP CJ5 CJ7 SCRAMBLER 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 4.2L (258) GAS 2 Core Radiator by 4Wheel Drive Hardware for Jeep

Rebel; Body Side Badges for Jeep $70.99 Universal;Body side badges;1-piece;Black Rebel; Body Side Badges for Jeep

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Side Mirror Kit by Crown Automotive $40.99 1955-86 Jeep CJ;Black;Complete set left and right side;Windshield hinge mounted;Pair Side Mirror Kit by Crown Automotive

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South Side Soda Shop Diner - Diners, Drive In's, and Dives

Guide to Buying Hard Drives

Apart from being one of the most essential parts of your computer, hard drive storage is constantly updating, in terms of both capacity of disk space and in physical size. When it comes time to upgrade your disk storage, there are a number of factors for you to take into account. Once you've made basic decisions about size, connectivity, speed and data transfer rate, and whether you want an internal drive or external, you can search through Myshopping.com.au to find the most suitable brand, and model, and compare the prices of different vendors.

Hard Drives

How A Hard Drive Works

Your hard drive has a number of magnetized platters connected to a spindle. The spindle spins the platters at a very fast speed while a series of read/write heads scan over them both looking for and writing information. This information is transferred via a cable system, or through a wireless connection to a hard disk controller, which in most systems is built into the motherboard, or in some systems installed as an add-in card. The information that comes from your hard drive through its controller is then made available to the components of your computer. The effectiveness of your hard drive (its performance) depends on how much of its capacity remains unused, how well organised the data is (known as fragmentation) and its data transfer rate, which in turn is dependent on its connection type and the drive's spin rate.

Internal Hard Drives

Most computers from, the most basic home models up to the most powerful servers, have an internally installed hard drive. Technology today ensures that they are all generally fast, reliable, and offer dependable storage ability. Most modern computers have installation slots and cabling to enable you to install additional hard drive. This allows you to increase your storage capacity without giving up your existing hard drive.

Internal Hard Drives

External Hard Drives

These drives are essentially the same drives as ones installed inside computers, but cased inside a protective, portable case. This is a good solution for people who work remotely and need to transport large amounts of data. If an external hard drive is your choice, make sure your computer is compatible with the interface that the hard drive uses. An add-in card, such as a FireWire card can help to increase your computer's capabilities. You can compare different brands of external hard drives simply at Myshopping.com.au and search on the connection type, or other specifications.

External Hard drives

Laptop Hard Drives

There have been many advances in miniaturization of hardware components for laptop computing, and hard drive technology is not left out of this loop. Laptop hard drives function in exactly the same way as internal hard drives on other computers, only they are designed to provide maximum storage and efficiency in the smallest possible package. For added flexibility, some laptop computers come with removable hard drives that can be easily installed and removed. However, before you buy a hard drive for your portable computer, check that the hard drive's specifications will meet the standards of your computer, as many laptop hard drives are proprietary, and are not compatible with other brands and models.

Laptop Hard Drives

Size

Your hard drive stores your operating system, its programs (games and applications), your working data, and your digital music and movies. Most new computer purchases have a minimum of 80 GB of hard disk space; many have considerably more. Hard drive space is one of those things, once you have it, you'll find ways to fill it soon enough. There is no real rule of thumb, but consider the cost per gigabyte of storage as a way to guide your purchase. If you work with large files, such as music, video and graphics, it pays to have a big storage space for your work. It may pay you to have two hard drives, one that houses all your programs and applications, and another for storing your work and projects.

You may want to compare the price of say a 160GB drive against two separate 80 GB drives. If one drive fails all is not lost. Today's hard drives however, are fairly robust pieces of equipment and providing they are not abuse, will serve you well for a long period of time.

up to 32 GB Hard Drives

32-64 GB Hard Drives

64-100 GB Hard Drives

100 GB and more Hard Drives

Interface

One key distinguishing factor between hard drives is the way in which they connect to your computer. There are a number of basic types of connection schemes used with hard drives. Each connection type has a range of differences in performance.

IDE (INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS)

This is by the most common connection methods. Because the hard drive controller is on the drive itself rather than on the motherboard, it helps to keep costs down. There different IDE standards available. Mostly, you will want to purchase the fastest possible standard that your computer can support. Most computers will support a standard that is faster than what the computer currently supports, so you can buy a faster drive, and update your computer at a later time. The different IDE standards, in order from most basic to fastest, are:

ATA (Basic). Supports up to two hard drives and features a 16-bit interface, handling transfer speeds up to 8.3 MB per second.

ATA-2 or EIDE (Enhanced IDE). Supports transfer speeds up to 13.3 MB per second.

ATA-3. A minor upgrade to ATA-2 and offers transfer speeds up to 16.6 MB per second.

Ultra-ATA (Ultra-DMA, ATA-33 or DMA-33). Dramatic speed improvements, with transfer rates up to 33 MB per second.

ATA-66. A version of ATA that doubles transfer rates up to 66 MB per second.

ATA-100. An upgrade to the ATA standard supporting transfer rates up to 100 MB per second.

ATA-133. Found mostly in AMD-based systems (not supported by Intel), with transfer rates up to 133 MB per second.

IDE / EIDE Hard Drives

Serial ATA Hard Drives

Ultra DMA 100 Hard Drives

SCSI (SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE)

This is the hard drive interface standard used by many high-end PCs, networks and servers, and Apple Macintosh computers, except for the earliest Macs and the newer iMacs. While some systems support SCSI controllers on their motherboards, most feature a SCSI controller add-in card. SCSI drives are usually faster and more reliable, and the SCSI interface supports the connection of many more drives than IDE. While SCSI drives come in many different standards, many of them are not compatible with one another. So it's important be know that your computer supports the drive you plan to install. The different SCSI connections are:

SCSI-1. A basic connection using a 25-pin connector, supporting transfer rates up to 4 MB per second.

SCSI-2. Uses a 50-pin connector and supports multiple devices with a transfer rate of 4MB per second.

Wide SCSI. These drives have a wider cable and a 68-pin connection that supports 16-bit data transfers.

Fast SCSI. Uses an 8-bit bus but transfers data at 10 MB Per second.

Fast Wide SCSI. Doubles both the bus (16-bit) and the data transfer rate (20 MB per second).

Ultra SCSI or Ultra Wide SCSI. Uses an 8-bit bus and transfers data at 20 MB per second.

SCSI-3. Features a 16-bit bus and transfers data at 40 MB per second.

Ultra2 SCSI. Uses an 8-bit bus and transfer data at a rate of 40 MB per second.

Wide Ultra2 SCSI. Uses a 16-bit bus and supports data transfer rates of 80 MB per second.

SCSI Hard Drives

Ultra320 SCSI Hard Drives

FIREWIRE (IEEE 1394)

The FireWire standard is becoming popular in portable hard drives because it can be connected and removed without having to reboot the computer. It supports data transfer rates of 50 MB per second, which means it is ideal for video, audio and multimedia applications. FireWire requires a dedicated add-in card and the hard drives in use require an external power source, but the interface can support up to 63 devices simultaneously.

FireWire Hard Drives

USB 1.1 (UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS)

Pretty much all computers today include USB ports on their motherboards. (On older model, you can install an add-in card.) USB controllers can be used to connect external hard drives, and can support as many as 127 devices simultaneously either through USB port hubs or linked in a daisy chain fashion. USB controllers do delivery power to devices connected to them, but many hard drives still use an external power source. USB is limited by its data transfer speed, the maximum rate being about at 1.5 MB per second.

USB Hard Drives

USB 2.0 (HI-SPEED USB)

A more recently introduced and far better connection standard that offers backward compatibility and data transfer rates of up to 60 MB per second. USB 1.1 system can use a USB 2.0 device; it will need a USB 2.0 controller card to achieve the higher transfer rates.

USB 2.0 Hard Drives

FIBRE CHANNEL

Fibre Cabling is mainly used for high-bandwidth network servers and workstations, providing very fast data transfer rates (up to 106MB per second), and connection at long cabled distances, although it is expensive and you need to install a special interface card.

Spin rate

Data transfer rate is crucial to how well your computer performs for you. Apart from the connection types above, the performance of your hard drive depends on its spin rate, measured in RPM. Higher RPM generally means faster data transfer rate. The lowest spin speed that is acceptable in computing today is 5400 RPM. The common standard at present is 7200 RPM. But higher speeds are available in SCSI drives, and it is one area of computer system technology that is constantly being developed.

3600 RPM Hard Drives

4200 RPM Hard Drives

5400 RPM Hard Drives

7200 RPM Hard Drives

10000 RPM Hard Drives

15000 RPM Hard Drives

A larger capacity hard drive will not necessarily make your system function any faster unless you are low on available disk space with your existing drive. But a drive with Ultra ATA/100 or ATA/133 and a 7200 RPM spin rate will pretty much guarantee an improved hard drive performance.

Other considerations

CACHE

Cache (pronounces 'cash') is additional temporary memory that acts as a buffer between the system and the drive. Frequently accessed data is stored in the cache for quick access. Cache sizes vary from 512 KB up to 16 MB on some SCSI drives. The larger cache you have on your drive, the faster your drive will transfer data. If you are working with large files, such as video, images and audio files, it pays to have the largest cache you can get (8MB or more).

SEEK TIME

The data on your disk is stored in tracks and sectors and when you instruct your hard drive controller to retrieve some data, it goes looking. The seek time is a measure of how long it takes the hard drive to find a specific track on a disk. Seek times can vary slightly from disk to disk and a drive with a faster seek time will always perform better.

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TRANSFER RATES

These two rates tell how fast a drive actually reads the data and passes it along to the system. Internal Transfer Rate refers to the time it takes for a drives heads to read data from the platter and pass it to the drive's cache. The External Transfer Rate (sometimes called the Transfer Rate or the Burst Transfer Rate) is a measure of the time it takes to send the data from the cache all the way to the computer's memory. Naturally faster transfer rates provide better performance.

S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology)

This is a nice built-in feature in some hard drives that can help alert you to a potential hardware problem. Your computer's BIOS must support this in order for the SMART function it to work, however the drive itself will still work in a system without it.

Buying and installing a hard drive has some technical aspects that you need to take into account. Use Myshopping.com.au to compare different hard drive makes and specifications to find the drive that will work best for your needs and computer. You can compare prices and service offers from different vendors.

About the Author

Andrew Gates is a writer for comparison online shopping service MyShopping.com.au . MyShopping.com.au helps you compare hard drives and buy online from top-rated online stores. You can also read hard drive reviews and specifications.

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